Mobile Payment Transaction
Mobile Payment Transaction market is segmented by players, region (country), by Type and by Appli ... Read More
1 Mobile Cranes Market Overview 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Mobile Cranes 1.2 Mobile Cranes Segment by Type 1.2.1 Global Mobile Cranes Market Size Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2022 VS 2028 1.2.2 Truck Cranes 1.2.3 All Terrain Cranes 1.2.4 Rough Terrain Cranes 1.2.5 Crawler Cranes 1.2.6 Others 1.3 Mobile Cranes Segment by Application 1.3.1 Global Mobile Cranes Consumption Comparison by Application: 2022 VS 2028 1.3.2 Construction Industry 1.3.3 Oil & Gas Industry 1.3.4 Shipping & Port Building 1.3.5 Others 1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects 1.4.1 Global Mobile Cranes Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028) 1.4.2 Global Mobile Cranes Production Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028) 1.5 Global Market Size by Region 1.5.1 Global Mobile Cranes Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 1.5.2 North America Mobile Cranes Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028) 1.5.3 Europe Mobile Cranes Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028) 1.5.4 China Mobile Cranes Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028) 1.5.5 Japan Mobile Cranes Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028) 2 Market Competition by Manufacturers 2.1 Global Mobile Cranes Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022) 2.2 Global Mobile Cranes Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022) 2.3 Mobile Cranes Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) 2.4 Global Mobile Cranes Average Price by Manufacturers (2017-2022) 2.5 Manufacturers Mobile Cranes Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types 2.6 Mobile Cranes Market Competitive Situation and Trends 2.6.1 Mobile Cranes Market Concentration Rate 2.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Mobile Cranes Players Market Share by Revenue 2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion 3 Production by Region 3.1 Global Production of Mobile Cranes Market Share by Region (2017-2022) 3.2 Global Mobile Cranes Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022) 3.3 Global Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 3.4 North America Mobile Cranes Production 3.4.1 North America Mobile Cranes Production Growth Rate (2017-2022) 3.4.2 North America Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 3.5 Europe Mobile Cranes Production 3.5.1 Europe Mobile Cranes Production Growth Rate (2017-2022) 3.5.2 Europe Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 3.6 China Mobile Cranes Production 3.6.1 China Mobile Cranes Production Growth Rate (2017-2022) 3.6.2 China Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 3.7 Japan Mobile Cranes Production 3.7.1 Japan Mobile Cranes Production Growth Rate (2017-2022) 3.7.2 Japan Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 4 Global Mobile Cranes Consumption by Region 4.1 Global Mobile Cranes Consumption by Region 4.1.1 Global Mobile Cranes Consumption by Region 4.1.2 Global Mobile Cranes Consumption Market Share by Region 4.2 North America 4.2.1 North America Mobile Cranes Consumption by Country 4.2.2 United States 4.2.3 Canada 4.3 Europe 4.3.1 Europe Mobile Cranes Consumption by Country 4.3.2 Germany 4.3.3 France 4.3.4 U.K. 4.3.5 Italy 4.3.6 Russia 4.4 Asia Pacific 4.4.1 Asia Pacific Mobile Cranes Consumption by Region 4.4.2 China 4.4.3 Japan 4.4.4 South Korea 4.4.5 China Taiwan 4.4.6 Southeast Asia 4.4.7 India 4.4.8 Australia 4.5 Latin America 4.5.1 Latin America Mobile Cranes Consumption by Country 4.5.2 Mexico 4.5.3 Brazil 5 Segment by Type 5.1 Global Mobile Cranes Production Market Share by Type (2017-2022) 5.2 Global Mobile Cranes Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022) 5.3 Global Mobile Cranes Price by Type (2017-2022) 6 Segment by Application 6.1 Global Mobile Cranes Production Market Share by Application (2017-2022) 6.2 Global Mobile Cranes Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2022) 6.3 Global Mobile Cranes Price by Application (2017-2022) 7 Key Companies Profiled 7.1 Liebherr 7.1.1 Liebherr Mobile Cranes Corporation Information 7.1.2 Liebherr Mobile Cranes Product Portfolio 7.1.3 Liebherr Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.1.4 Liebherr Main Business and Markets Served 7.1.5 Liebherr Recent Developments/Updates 7.2 Terex 7.2.1 Terex Mobile Cranes Corporation Information 7.2.2 Terex Mobile Cranes Product Portfolio 7.2.3 Terex Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.2.4 Terex Main Business and Markets Served 7.2.5 Terex Recent Developments/Updates 7.3 Tadano 7.3.1 Tadano Mobile Cranes Corporation Information 7.3.2 Tadano Mobile Cranes Product Portfolio 7.3.3 Tadano Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.3.4 Tadano Main Business and Markets Served 7.3.5 Tadano Recent Developments/Updates 7.4 Zoomlion 7.4.1 Zoomlion Mobile Cranes Corporation Information 7.4.2 Zoomlion Mobile Cranes Product Portfolio 7.4.3 Zoomlion Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.4.4 Zoomlion Main Business and Markets Served 7.4.5 Zoomlion Recent Developments/Updates 7.5 XCMG 7.5.1 XCMG Mobile Cranes Corporation Information 7.5.2 XCMG Mobile Cranes Product Portfolio 7.5.3 XCMG Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.5.4 XCMG Main Business and Markets Served 7.5.5 XCMG Recent Developments/Updates 7.6 Sany 7.6.1 Sany Mobile Cranes Corporation Information 7.6.2 Sany Mobile Cranes Product Portfolio 7.6.3 Sany Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.6.4 Sany Main Business and Markets Served 7.6.5 Sany Recent Developments/Updates 7.7 KATO 7.7.1 KATO Mobile Cranes Corporation Information 7.7.2 KATO Mobile Cranes Product Portfolio 7.7.3 KATO Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.7.4 KATO Main Business and Markets Served 7.7.5 KATO Recent Developments/Updates 7.8 Kobelco 7.8.1 Kobelco Mobile Cranes Corporation Information 7.8.2 Kobelco Mobile Cranes Product Portfolio 7.8.3 Kobelco Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 7.8.4 Kobelco Main Business and Markets Served 7.7.5 Kobelco Recent Developments/Updates 8 Mobile Cranes Manufacturing Cost Analysis 8.1 Mobile Cranes Key Raw Materials Analysis 8.1.1 Key Raw Materials 8.1.2 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials 8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure 8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Mobile Cranes 8.4 Mobile Cranes Industrial Chain Analysis 9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers 9.1 Marketing Channel 9.2 Mobile Cranes Distributors List 9.3 Mobile Cranes Customers 10 Market Dynamics 10.1 Mobile Cranes Industry Trends 10.2 Mobile Cranes Market Drivers 10.3 Mobile Cranes Market Challenges 10.4 Mobile Cranes Market Restraints 11 Production and Supply Forecast 11.1 Global Forecasted Production of Mobile Cranes by Region (2023-2028) 11.2 North America Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue Forecast (2023-2028) 11.3 Europe Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue Forecast (2023-2028) 11.4 China Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue Forecast (2023-2028) 11.5 Japan Mobile Cranes Production, Revenue Forecast (2023-2028) 12 Consumption and Demand Forecast 12.1 Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Mobile Cranes 12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of Mobile Cranes by Country 12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Mobile Cranes by Country 12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of Mobile Cranes by Region 12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of Mobile Cranes by Country 13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2023-2028) 13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028) 13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of Mobile Cranes by Type (2023-2028) 13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Mobile Cranes by Type (2023-2028) 13.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Mobile Cranes by Type (2023-2028) 13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Mobile Cranes by Application (2023-2028) 13.2.1 Global Forecasted Production of Mobile Cranes by Application (2023-2028) 13.2.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Mobile Cranes by Application (2023-2028) 13.2.3 Global Forecasted Price of Mobile Cranes by Application (2023-2028) 14 Research Finding and Conclusion 15 Methodology and Data Source 15.1 Methodology/Research Approach 15.1.1 Research Programs/Design 15.1.2 Market Size Estimation 15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 15.2 Data Source 15.2.1 Secondary Sources 15.2.2 Primary Sources 15.3 Author List 15.4 Disclaimer
List of Tables Table 1. Global Mobile Cranes Market Size by Type (Units) & (US$ Million) (2022 VS 2028) Table 2. Global Mobile Cranes Market Size by Application (Units) & (US$ Million) (2022 VS 2028) Table 3. Mobile Cranes Market Size Comparison by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 Table 4. Global Mobile Cranes Production by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (Units) Table 5. Global Mobile Cranes Production (Units) by Manufacturers (2017-2022) Table 6. Global Mobile Cranes Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022) Table 7. Global Mobile Cranes Revenue by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 8. Global Mobile Cranes Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022) Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Mobile Cranes as of 2021) Table 10. Global Market Mobile Cranes Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2017-2022) Table 11. Manufacturers Mobile Cranes Production Sites and Area Served Table 12. Manufacturers Mobile Cranes Product Types Table 13. Global Mobile Cranes Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Table 15. Global Mobile Cranes Production (Units) by Region (2017-2022) Table 16. Global Mobile Cranes Revenue (US$ Million) by Region (2017-2022) Table 17. Global Mobile Cranes Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022) Table 18. Global Mobile Cranes Production (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 19. North America Mobile Cranes Production (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 20. Europe Mobile Cranes Production (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 21. China Mobile Cranes Production (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 22. Japan Mobile Cranes Production (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 23. Global Mobile Cranes Consumption Market by Region (2017-2022) & (Units) Table 24. Global Mobile Cranes Consumption Market Share by Region (2017-2022) Table 25. North America Mobile Cranes Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (Units) Table 26. Europe Mobile Cranes Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (Units) Table 27. Asia Pacific Mobile Cranes Consumption by Region (2017-2022) & (Units) Table 28. Latin America Mobile Cranes Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (Units) Table 29. Global Mobile Cranes Production (Units) by Type (2017-2022) Table 30. Global Mobile Cranes Production Market Share by Type (2017-2022) Table 31. Global Mobile Cranes Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2017-2022) Table 32. Global Mobile Cranes Revenue Share by Type (2017-2022) Table 33. Global Mobile Cranes Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2017-2022) Table 34. Global Mobile Cranes Production by Application (2017-2022) & (Units) Table 35. Global Mobile Cranes Production Market Share by Application (2017-2022) Table 36. Global Mobile Cranes Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2017-2022) Table 37. Global Mobile Cranes Revenue Share by Application (2017-2022) Table 38. Global Mobile Cranes Price (USD/Unit) by Application (2017-2022) Table 39. Liebherr Mobile Cranes Corporation Information Table 40. Liebherr Specification and Application Table 41. Liebherr Mobile Cranes Production (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 42. Liebherr Main Business and Markets Served Table 43. Liebherr Recent Developments/Updates Table 44. Terex Mobile Cranes Corporation Information Table 45. Terex Specification and Application Table 46. Terex Mobile Cranes Production (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 47. Terex Main Business and Markets Served Table 48. Terex Recent Developments/Updates Table 49. Tadano Mobile Cranes Corporation Information Table 50. Tadano Specification and Application Table 51. Tadano Mobile Cranes Production (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 52. Tadano Main Business and Markets Served Table 53. Tadano Recent Developments/Updates Table 54. Zoomlion Mobile Cranes Corporation Information Table 55. Zoomlion Specification and Application Table 56. Zoomlion Mobile Cranes Production (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 57. Zoomlion Main Business and Markets Served Table 58. Zoomlion Recent Developments/Updates Table 59. XCMG Mobile Cranes Corporation Information Table 60. XCMG Specification and Application Table 61. XCMG Mobile Cranes Production (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 62. XCMG Main Business and Markets Served Table 63. XCMG Recent Developments/Updates Table 64. Sany Mobile Cranes Corporation Information Table 65. Sany Specification and Application Table 66. Sany Mobile Cranes Production (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 67. Sany Main Business and Markets Served Table 68. Sany Recent Developments/Updates Table 69. KATO Mobile Cranes Corporation Information Table 70. KATO Specification and Application Table 71. KATO Mobile Cranes Production (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 72. KATO Main Business and Markets Served Table 73. KATO Recent Developments/Updates Table 74. Kobelco Mobile Cranes Corporation Information Table 75. Kobelco Specification and Application Table 76. Kobelco Mobile Cranes Production (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 77. Kobelco Main Business and Markets Served Table 78. Kobelco Recent Developments/Updates Table 79. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material Table 80. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials Table 81. Mobile Cranes Distributors List Table 82. Mobile Cranes Customers List Table 83. Mobile Cranes Market Trends Table 84. Mobile Cranes Market Drivers Table 85. Mobile Cranes Market Challenges Table 86. Mobile Cranes Market Restraints Table 87. Global Mobile Cranes Production (Units) Forecast by Region (2023-2028) Table 88. North America Mobile Cranes Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (Units) Table 89. Europe Mobile Cranes Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (Units) Table 90. Asia Pacific Mobile Cranes Consumption Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (Units) Table 91. Latin America Mobile Cranes Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (Units) Table 92. Global Mobile Cranes Production Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (Units) Table 93. Global Mobile Cranes Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 94. Global Mobile Cranes Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (USD/Unit) Table 95. Global Mobile Cranes Production Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (Units) Table 96. Global Mobile Cranes Revenue Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 97. Global Mobile Cranes Price Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (USD/Unit) Table 98. Research Programs/Design for This Report Table 99. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table 100. Key Data Information from Primary Sources List of Figures Figure 1. Product Picture of Mobile Cranes Figure 2. Global Mobile Cranes Market Share by Type: 2022 VS 2028 Figure 3. Truck Cranes Product Picture Figure 4. All Terrain Cranes Product Picture Figure 5. Rough Terrain Cranes Product Picture Figure 6. Crawler Cranes Product Picture Figure 7. Others Product Picture Figure 8. Global Mobile Cranes Market Share by Application: 2022 VS 2028 Figure 9. Construction Industry Figure 10. Oil & Gas Industry Figure 11. Shipping & Port Building Figure 12. Others Figure 13. Global Mobile Cranes Revenue (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 Figure 14. Global Mobile Cranes Revenue (US$ Million) (2017-2028) Figure 15. Global Mobile Cranes Production (Units) & (2017-2028) Figure 16. North America Mobile Cranes Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028) Figure 17. Europe Mobile Cranes Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028) Figure 18. China Mobile Cranes Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028) Figure 19. Japan Mobile Cranes Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028) Figure 20. Mobile Cranes Production Share by Manufacturers in 2021 Figure 21. Global Mobile Cranes Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2021 Figure 22. Mobile Cranes Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2017 VS 2021 Figure 23. Global Market Mobile Cranes Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2021 Figure 24. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Mobile Cranes Revenue in 2021 Figure 25. Global Mobile Cranes Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022) Figure 26. North America Mobile Cranes Production (Units) Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure 27. Europe Mobile Cranes Production (Units) Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure 28. China Mobile Cranes Production (Units) Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure 29. Japan Mobile Cranes Production (Units) Growth Rate (2017-2022) Figure 30. Global Mobile Cranes Consumption Market Share by Region (2017-2022) Figure 31. North America Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 32. North America Mobile Cranes Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021 Figure 33. Canada Mobile Cranes Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 34. U.S. Mobile Cranes Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 35. Europe Mobile Cranes Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 36. Europe Mobile Cranes Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021 Figure 37. Germany Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 38. France Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 39. U.K. Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 40. Italy Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 41. Russia Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 42. Asia Pacific Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 43. Asia Pacific Mobile Cranes Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2021 Figure 44. China Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 45. Japan Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 46. South Korea Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 47. China Taiwan Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 48. Southeast Asia Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 49. India Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 50. Australia Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 51. Latin America Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 52. Latin America Mobile Cranes Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021 Figure 53. Mexico Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 54. Brazil Mobile Cranes Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Units) Figure 55. Production Market Share of Mobile Cranes by Type (2017-2022) Figure 56. Production Market Share of Mobile Cranes by Type in 2021 Figure 57. Revenue Share of Mobile Cranes by Type (2017-2022) Figure 58. Revenue Market Share of Mobile Cranes by Type in 2021 Figure 59. Production Market Share of Mobile Cranes by Application (2017-2022) Figure 60. Production Market Share of Mobile Cranes by Application in 2021 Figure 61. Revenue Share of Mobile Cranes by Application (2017-2022) Figure 62. Revenue Market Share of Mobile Cranes by Application in 2021 Figure 63. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Mobile Cranes Figure 64. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Mobile Cranes Figure 65. Mobile Cranes Industrial Chain Analysis Figure 66. Channels of Distribution Figure 67. Distributors Profiles Figure 68. Global Mobile Cranes Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028) Figure 69. North America Mobile Cranes Production (Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028) Figure 70. Europe Mobile Cranes Production (Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028) Figure 71. China Mobile Cranes Production (Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028) Figure 72. Japan Mobile Cranes Production (Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028) Figure 73. Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Mobile Cranes (2017-2028) & (Units) Figure 74. Global Mobile Cranes Production Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028) Figure 75. Global Mobile Cranes Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028) Figure 76. Global Mobile Cranes Production Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028) Figure 77. Global Mobile Cranes Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028) Figure 78. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure 79. Data Triangulation
Liebherr Terex Tadano Zoomlion XCMG Sany KATO Kobelco
Mobile Payment Transaction market is segmented by players, region (country), by Type and by Appli ... Read More
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), by manufacturers, by Type and ... Read More
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), by company, by Type and by Ap ... Read More
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), by company, by Type and by Ap ... Read More